Cultural variations in gender are diverse and extensive, reflecting the complex societies across the globe. Some cultures recognize a spectrum beyond the traditional male and female categories, challenging the binary understanding of gender.

 

The variations in the perception of gender in different cultures challenge Western constructs such as transgender, gay, or bisexual. It emphasizes that many cultures throughout history have acknowledged more than two genders. Indigenous societies worldwide, such as the Navajo and native Hawaiians, have long-established traditions acknowledging third, fourth, or more genders. The recognition of individuals who embody both male and female spirits is a common thread, and these third-gender persons often hold significant roles in spiritual and religious functions within their communities. This article highlights the distinct features of these perspectives, where many terms for third-gender individuals incorporate both men and women. It advocates for a broader understanding of gender identity, acknowledging the rich cultural diversity that has shaped perceptions and roles related to gender throughout history.

 

Societies with non-binary or gender fluid people

Throughout history, numerous cultures have acknowledged the existence of gender identities beyond the traditional male and female binary. Non-binary individuals have often held exceptional roles in their societies, such as serving as artists, priests, and ceremonial leaders. Below are some examples of non-binary genders recognized by cultures worldwide.

 

Hijra: Hindu society recognizes the gender Hijra, which is the most common non-binary identity in India today 

Muxes: In Mexico, there is a community of people known as muxes who typically have male sexual characteristics but identify as feminine. 

Sekrata: The Sakalave people, who are indigenous to Madagascar, recognize the gender sekrata. Sekrata individuals also have male sexual characteristics, but they display feminine behaviour during childhood.